The PIO (Programmable Input/Output) module in the ESP32 Lua-RTOS is a versatile feature that allows users to configure and control the GPIO pins of the ESP32 microcontroller dynamically. It provides an interface for performing various operations such as digital input, digital output, and pulse-width modulation (PWM) generation, among others.
Functionalities and Capabilities
Digital Input/Output: The PIO module allows users to configure GPIO pins as digital inputs or outputs. Digital inputs can be used to read the state of external sensors or switches, while digital outputs can drive external devices such as LEDs, relays, or motors.
Interrupt Handling: It supports interrupt handling on GPIO pins, allowing users to trigger actions based on changes in pin states. This feature is useful for implementing event-driven applications where real-time responses to external events are required.
Pull-up/Pull-down Resistors: The PIO module enables users to enable or disable the internal pull-up or pull-down resistors on GPIO pins, ensuring stable and reliable signal readings.
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM): It provides support for generating PWM signals on GPIO pins, allowing users to control the intensity of analog devices such as LEDs, motors, or servos.
Pin Configuration: Users can dynamically configure the functionality and characteristics of GPIO pins using the PIO module, including setting pin modes (input/output), configuring interrupt triggers, and adjusting PWM parameters.
Low-Level Access: The PIO module offers low-level access to GPIO pins, allowing users to directly manipulate pin states and registers for advanced control and customization.
Resource Management: It provides mechanisms for managing GPIO pin resources efficiently, preventing conflicts and ensuring proper allocation of resources across different tasks or modules.
Overall, the PIO module in the ESP32 Lua-RTOS enhances the flexibility and versatility of the ESP32 microcontroller, enabling users to implement a wide range of GPIO-based applications with ease and efficiency. Whether for simple digital I/O tasks or more complex PWM generation and interrupt handling, the PIO module offers powerful capabilities for interacting with external devices and sensors in Lua-RTOS projects.
The ESP32 is a versatile microcontroller with a variety of development boards available. Different ESP32 various board types have different features, pin configurations, and capabilities.
When working with an ESP32 board, make sure to select the appropriate board type in the Arduino IDE or the other platform you are using. This ensures that the correct pin configurations and settings are applied during programming. The availability of features can vary between different boards, so it’s essential to choose a board that aligns with the requirements of your project.
The ESP32, a popular microcontroller developed by Espressif Systems, is supported by various platforms, enabling developers to program and interact with it using different programming languages and frameworks. Here are some platforms that support the ESP32:
ESP8266 NodeMCU Platform is really very good platform for beginners, you don’t need to remember all ESP8266 registers, address, and so on. You just call the lua function and make your DIY application very quick and easily. Frequently updating thier firmware based on new sensors, and many interfaces. Here below discussed many things and you can lean all the followings
FAQ,
what are the different IDE’s are available for ESP8266 NodeMCU Platform?
How to build a firmware for ESP8266?
How to upload the firmware in to ESP8266 chip?
Hello world examples : Printing letters in Serial (UART) and LED Blink.
The programmer also in-builds design when you buy a NodeMCU Dev board, Sparkfun Thing Dev Board, and some other boards. Three more ways to program and flash firmware to ESP8266. Mostly using CP2102 USB-TTL UART or PL2303 USB-TTL programmer. you can use your Arduino board as an ESP8266 programmer. But you can also use your Arduino board as an ESP8266 Programmer (like another Programmer).
Ai-thinkers Modules: Ai-Thinkers modules are designed with external flash memory. so need a serial programmer to upload and flash the program into it. you can use any one of the serial USB to UART programmer.
ESP8266 Build and flash the firmware is a very easy job. before that, you need to choose the correct esp8266 platform (Arduino Core, AT Command, NodeMCU, Mangoes OS, Micro-python) for your requirements. First, you should know,
What is esp8266 firmware? esp8266 Firmware contains a collection of library files or binary files.
Why need to flash Firmware into esp8266? like when we think, we can’t able to write all the code ourselves. so we will follow some open source. if you use open source you need to flash the selected open source library file into esp8266 before starting your application.
The ESP8266 is a popular Wi-Fi module that enables microcontrollers to connect to Wi-Fi networks and communicate with the Internet. Nowadays this wifi chip-based various kinds of modules are available, we are discussing ESP8266 Boards Types and those specifications, which you can select for your requirements.
The ESP-WROOM-S2 is part of the ESP32 series, which is a family of low-cost, low-power system-on-chip (SoC) microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.
Dual-Core Processor: Xtensa LX6 processor,
Peripheral Interfaces: GPIO pins, I2C, SPI, UART, and more
Datasheets by Espressif for ESP-WROOM-S2
Ai-Thinker’s ESP8266 Modules
The AI-Thinker modules are sequentially labeled ESP-01 through ESP-13. NodeMCU boards extend upon the AI-Thinker modules. Here below tables about”Summary of All AI-Tinkers ESP8266 Module Boards”
Variant
Dimension (mm)
Antenna Type
Flash Memory
GPIO
Metal Shield Claim
ESP-01 Blue
14.3*24.8
PCB
0.5MB (500kb)
GPIO0/2/16
No
ESP-01 Black
14.3*24.8
PCB
1MB
GPIO0/2/16
No
ESP-02
14.2*14.7
U-FL Connector
1MB
GPIO0/2/15
No
ESP-03
17.4*12.2
Ceramic Antenna
GPIO0/2/12/13/14/15/16
No
ESP-04
14.7*12.1
None
GPIO0/2/12/13/14/15/16
No
ESP-05
14.2*14.7
U-FL Connector
3 Pins
No
ESP-06
14.2*14.7
None
GPIO0/2/12/13/14/15/16
Metal Shield Claims FCC
ESP-07
22*16
Ceramic & U-FL Connector
GPIO0/2/4/5/12/13/14/15/16
Metal Shield Claims FCC
ESP-07S
17.0*16.0
U-FL Connector
14 Pins
Metal Shield Claims FCC
ESP-08
17*16
None
GPIO0/2/12/13/14/15/16
Metal Shield Not Claims FCC
ESP-09
10*10
None
1MB
GPIO0/2/12/13/14/15
No
ESP-10
14.2*10
None
3 Pins
No
ESP-11
14.2*10
Ceramic
GPIO0/1
No
ESP-12
24*16
PCB
ADC + GPIO0/2/4/5/12/13/14/15/16
Yes
ESP-12E
24*16
PCB
20 Pins
Yes
ESP-12F
24*16
PCB
20 Pins
Yes
ESP-12S
24*16
PCB
14 Pins
Yes
ESP-13
18.0*20.0
PCB
16 Pins
Yes
ESP-14
24.3 × 16.2
PCB
22 Pins
Yes
DWA8
17*27.1
PCB Antenna
ADC + GPIO0/2/12/13/14/15/16
Yes
Summary of All AI-Tinkers ESP8266 Module Boards
ESP-01
PCB Antenna, through matching, distance open 400 Meters, easy to use
This Module does not Support PWM hardware.
You can able to use the software PWM feature in the “NodeMCU” Platform.
ESP-01 Front View (Black Board)
ESP-01 Back View (Blackboard)
ESP-01 Front View (Blue Board)
ESP-02
ESP-02 Front View
SMD package for the commit limit, the antenna can be used IPX End leading housing.
ESP-02 Back View
ESP-03
ESP-03 Front View
SMD package,
Built-in ceramic antenna technology
All available IO Leads.
ESP-03 Back View
ESP-04
ESP-04 Front View
SMD package
Customers can custom antenna types
Flexible design and all available IO Leads.
ESP-04 Back View
ESP-05
ESP-05 Front View
SMD package,
Only leads to serial RST Feet,
Small size,
External antenna.
ESP-06
ESP-06 Front View
Bottom mount technology
All IO Mouth leads with metal shielding shell, can be had FCC CE Certification is recommended.
ESP-06 Back View
ESP-07
ESP-07 Front View
Half-hole chip technology,
All IO Leads with metal shielding shell,
Can be had FCE Certification,
External IPX Antenna,
The built-in ceramic antenna can be used.
ESP-07 Back View
ESP-07S
ESP-07S Front View
Same ESP-07 with 4MB Flash
Size 16mm*17mm*3mm
Pads:1mmx1.2mm
Pads Spacing: 2mm
ESP-07S Back View
ESP-08
ESP-08 Front View
With ESP-07 the antenna customers can define their form.
ESP-08 Back View
ESP-09
ESP-09 Front View
Ultra-small size package
Only 10 * 10 Mm
Four-layer board technology
1M byte.
ESP-09 Back View
ESP-10
ESP-10 Front View
ESP-10 Back View
ESP-11
ESP-11 Front View
Chip interfaces
Ceramic antenna
Small volume.
ESP-11 Back View
ESP-12
Semi-hole patch process, all IO Leads, with metal shielding shell, passed FCE Certification, built PCB On board antenna, 4M byte Flash.
Fully compatible with forecast version ESP-12E or ESP12F
FCC and CE & RHOS all passed
Improved antenna design
Better signal performance
Note: ESP-12S does not have an SPI pin at the bottom of the board
ESP-13
The 4-layer design, semi-hole chip technology, all IO leads, with metal shielding shell, the antenna redesigned, RF performance!
ESP-14
In ESP-12E prototype design,
Interior adds STM8S003F3P6, and by STM8S ESP8266 AT commands to control the module is a complete STM8S micro-controller can operate via WIFI STM8 micro-controller programming.
NodeMCU DEVKIT
ESP8266 NodeMCU Dev has an Ai-thinkers ESP8266 module on it
The module comes with the latest version of AT Firmware.
Make sure to refer to the image above to determine which pins are which On top it has a micro-USB socket, for connecting to the computer.
Next to it are two buttons, one for reset and one for flashing.
NodeMCU DevKit Pin Details
PIN
Note
3V3
Tthis is a fancy way to write 3.3V, which is the voltage that the board runs on internally. You can think about this pin like the plus side of a battery. There are several pins like this, they are all connected inside.
GND
This is the ground. Think about it like the minus side of the battery.
gpioXX-
“gpio” stands for “general purpose input output”.
Those are the pins we will be using for sending and receiving signals to and from various devices that we will connect to them. They can act as output – pretty much like a switch that you can connect to plus or to minus with your program Or they can act as input, telling your program whether they are connected to plus or minus.
A0
a0- This is the analog pin. It has limitation to handle up to 1V.
Vin
This pin is connected to the 5V from your computer. When it’s not connected to the computer, you can also use it to power your board with a battery The voltage applied here will be internally converted to the 3.3V that the board needs.
FLASH
Hold down this button, while resetting the module and bring the board into programming mode (also known as flashing mode)
RST
this is a reset button (and a corresponding pin, to which you can connect the external button).
ESP8266 NodeMCU DEv Board Pin Details
The other pins are used internally by the board, and we will not be connecting anything to them.
Difference in Ai Thinker’s ESP8266 Boards
Difference Between ESP-01 Blue Board and ESP-01S Black Board
Memory Flash Size is differ
ESP-01 Blue Board – 500Kb
ESP-01S Black Board – 1Mb
Difference Between ESP-07 and ESP-07S?
PCB Layers
ESP-07S – 4 Layers of PCB
ESP-07 – 2 Layer of PCB
Flash Memory
ESP-07S – 4M
ESP-07 – 1M
IPEX Connector and Ceramic Antenna
ESP-07S – Only have IPEX Connector and not have ceramic antenna
ESP-07 – Have IPEX Connector and ceramic antenna
Certification
ESP-07S -Have FCC, CE, ROSH Certification
ESP-07 – 1M – Not have certification
Note :
ESP-07S is upgraded from ESP-07.
Both are same pins
Difference Between ESP-12E and ESP12F?
Please refer to the antenna design in the below ESP-12E and ESP-12F images.
PCB Layers
ESP-12F – 4 Layers of PCB
ESP-12E – 2 Layer of PCB
Certification
ESP-12F -Have FCC, CE, ROSH Certification
ESP-12E – 1M – Not have certification
Note
ESP-12F is upgraded from ESP-12E.
Both are the same pins
Olimex ESP8266 Module
Olimex provides two different types of ESP8266-based boards.
The below list is common for both boards
Both boards of the Main chip are EPS8266 from ESPressif
2MB (16MB) SPI Flash Memory
Power LED
User-programmable LED
SMT jumpers for different boot modes (FLASH, UART, SDO)
PCB antenna
OSHW design
Pads for a U.FL antenna connector (if you want to use an external antenna)
The below table about differences between Olimex MOD_WIFI-ESP8266 and DEV Boards
Olimex MOD-WIFI-ESP8266
Olimex MOD-WIFI-ESP8266-DEV
Button to swap between FLASH and UART mode
UEXT connector
Button for UART mode (since hardware revision B)
UEXT pads for easier access to UART interface
22 pin holes @ 0.1″ step for easier access to processor pins
Dimensions: (1.38 x 0.69)” ~ (3.50 x 1.75)cm
Dimensions: (1.3 x 0.9)” ~ (3.3 x 2.3)cm
Differences between Olimex MOD_WIFI-ESP8266 and DEV Boards
Olimex MOD-WIFI-ESP8266
Olimex MOD-WIFI-ESP8266-DEV
Adafruit Huzzah ESP8266 Modules
Adafruits has two diffrent ESp8266 Boards “Adafruit Feather HUZZAH with ESP8266” and “Adafruit HUZZAH ESP8266 Breakout”. The Below list is common specs for both boards
Reset button
9 x GPIO (3.3V logic), which can be used for I2C or SPI
1 x Analog input (1.0V max)
Adafruit Feather HUZZAH with ESP8266
It’s along with Ai-Thinker’s boards
Measures 2.0″ x 0.9″ x 0.28″ (51mm x 23mm x 8mm) without headers soldered-in
Light as a (large?) feather – 9.7 grams
3.3V regulator with 500mA peak current output
CP2104 USB-Serial converter onboard with 921600 max baud rate for speedy uploading
Auto-reset support for getting into bootloader mode.
Built-in 100mA LiPoly charger pin available. Charging Status indicator LED is available. This can cut a trace to disable the charger.
Pin #0 red LED for general purpose blinking.
Pin #2 blue LED for boot loading debug & general purpose blinking
Power/enable pin
4 mounting holes
Adafruit HUZZAH ESP8266 Breakout
Its Just breakout board on top of the Ai-Thinker’s boards
3.3V out, 500mA regulator (you need to assume the ESP8266 can draw up to 250mA.)
User button that can use the chip in bootloader mode,
Red LED you can blink
Level shifting on the UART and resetting the pin
Two diode-protected power inputs (USB cable and battery)
Two parallel, breadboard-friendly breakouts on either side give you access to: 2 x UART pins and 2 x 3-6V power inputs, reset, enable, LDO-disable, 3.3V output
SparkFun ESP8266 Boards
SparkFun ESP8266 Thing
All module pins breakout
On-board LiPo charger/power supply
802.11 b/g/n
Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP
Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier, and matching network
Integrated PLLs, regulators, DCXO, and power management units
Integrated low-power 32-bit CPU could be used as an application processor
+19.5dBm output power in 802.11b mode
SparkFun WiFi Shield – ESP8266
Arduino R3 Layout
802.11 b/g/n
Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP
Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier, and matching network
Integrated PLLs, regulators, DCXO, and power management units
Integrated low-power 32-bit CPU could be used as an application processor
Arduino-like hardware IO: The board allows you to code like Arduino in an interactive manner with Lua scripting language.
NodeJS style network API: The firmware provides event-driven API for network applications, which facilitates developers writing code running this tiny little board in NodeJS style. Greatly speed up your Wi-Fi / IOT application development process.
Reprogramming possibility: The IO button available on the kit also functions as a re-flashing button.
Multiple uses: serial to USB converter as well as 3.7V LiPo battery charger.
WeMos
These WeMos boards work with Arduino and NodeMCU firmware
WEMos D1 Mini
11 digital IO, interrupt/PWM/I2C/one-wire supported(except D0)
1 analog input(3.2V max input)
Type-C USB Port
LOLIN I2C Port
Compatible with MicroPython, Arduino, nodemcu
WEMos D1 mini Pro
11 digital input/output pins
Interrupt/pwm/I2C/one-wire
1 analog input(3.2V max input)
16M bytes(128M bit) Flash
External antenna connector
Built-in PCB antenna
Lithium battery interface, 500mA Max charging current
LOLIN I2C Port
Compatible with Arduino, MicroPython, NodeMCU
Default firmware: latest MicroPython
WEMos D1 mini Lite
11 digital IO, interrupt/pwm/I2C/one-wire supported(except D0)
ESP8266 Resources : Here you can get all resources of ESP8266 Books and useful website. Keep learn about ESP8266 using this blog. Everyday updating new projects and tutorials about ESP8266 so keep on this site .
ESP8266 is a powerful microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi. You can program the ESP8266 using various languages such as C, C++, Lua, MicroPython, JavaScript, and AT Command as well. It depends on your requirements. If you are a beginner, my suggestion is C++ and Lua. This is because, with the Arduino Core for ESP8266, you can utilize your Arduino C++ library for the ESP8266. Additionally, with the NodeMCU Core for ESP8266, you can use the eLua Embedded Module Library for the ESP8266. These Arduino and Lua methods have a lot of built-in library files, making it easy for beginners and learners. Also will discuss “ESP8266 Platforms”
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